2011-05-29
Getting the stages of the class namespace straight
Earlier I wrote that:
[...] metaclasses take effect after the class namespace has been set up (more or less).
This is of course false, but it's also true in the sense I was using it in that entry because there are two stages that the class namespace goes through.
The first stage is the namespace that exists when Python executes all
of the code in the 'class A(B):
' statement block. This code executes
in an unnamed and normally inaccessible namespace that is the class
namespace to be. This namespace is more or less a dictionary, which
makes it like the module namespace and not at all like a function's
namespace. Once the class's definition has finished executing, whatever
is left in this namespace is passed to the metaclass for the metaclass
to do whatever it wants.
(I don't think Python has a specific name for the class namespace in this state of the class being defined, but I could be wrong.)
The second stage is what we think of the class namespace; it is the namespace that is the actual class namespace once the class has been fully defined. Metaclasses can modify this namespace as it is in the process of being not so much created as used, so in this sense my original remark is false.
Note that although it's uncommon to do so, you can use 'del
' on
names in the class namespace as you're defining it. You can also get
access to it with locals()
, and in fact locals()
will return a
dictionary object that you can directly modify to modify the class
namespace (although I would not count on this feature in non-CPython
environments). For that matter, you can use del
on a class's namespace
even after it's been created.
(Since I have __slots__
on the mind, here's a trivia result. While
you can delete the __slots__
attribute of a class after it has been
created, this doesn't stop instances of the class being slots-based; as
you might expect given how slots work, the slots-using
nature of a class is set in stone the moment the class is created,
or more specifically the moment the C blob representing the class is
created and set up.)